Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological pathology that is characterized by a combination of signs and symptoms that occur in neurodegenerative or metabolic disorder during the first few years of life. It is a complex pathology orchestrated by a plethora of different causes. The current diagnostic regimen for CP involves brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and antenatal and perinatal insult. Despite advances in the field of genetics and molecular biology, the evaluating the underlying causes of this severe pathology are still bleak. In this review we have attempted to provide a landscape of the underlying mechanisms of cerebral palsy. We have partitioned this review broadly into genetic and proteomic-based studies, which have enriched our understanding about the pathogenesis of CP.