Introduction

ABO and Rh blood type systems may be related to the severity of COVID-19, according to contradictory results in several recent studies. However, the ABO and Rh blood groups’ associations with COVID-19 may also vary depending on how common they are in certain populations.

Aim of the research

To explore the relationship further and give population-based data to the global scientific community, we conducted this study on participants from the Najaf Governorate.

Results

The COVID-19 participants’ data were gathered for this study at Al-Amal Hospital in Al-Najaf. The study comprised 533 people in general, both male and female, with varying blood types, Rh levels, and ages, from January of 2023 to March 2023.

Results and conclusions

When comparing patients based on blood group types, this study found significant differences at p ≤ 0.05, helping to explain why the severity of COVID-19 infection varies according on blood group type. This study also revealed that, regardless of the various blood types, there are no significant differences at p ≤ 0.05 when comparing males and females based only on sex, nor are there significant differences at p ≤ 0.05 when comparing males based only on age and sex.