Medical Studies
eISSN: 2300-6722
ISSN: 1899-1874
Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne
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3/2025
vol. 41
 
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abstract:
Review paper

Application of ophthalmoscopy in forensic medicine

Adam Brachet
1
,
Aleksandra Bełżek
2
,
Gabriela Hunek
3
,
Anna Kogut
1
,
Ines Torne Pano
1
,
Grzegorz Teresiński
1
,
Marcello Benevento
3
,
Biagio Solarino
3
,
Jacek Baj
2

  1. Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
  2. Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
  3. Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
Medical Studies 2025; 41 (3): 145–154
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ms.2024.146379
Online publish date: 2025/07/01
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Postmortem examination of ocular fundus structures has historically relied on direct ophthalmoscopy and evisceration of the eye. The biggest limitation of direct ophthalmoscopy is coronal clouding. However, with the use of endoscopy, we can bypass this obstacle. This narrative review article with observations from our Department of Forensic Medicine explains the use of postmortem ophthalmoscopy in the following cases: asphyxia, post-mortem interval evaluation, carbon monoxide poisoning, postmortem position evaluation, shaken baby syndrome, subarachnoid hemorrhage, Terson syndrome, pediatric infections, retinal hemorrhages in cerebral malaria, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and retinal air embolism. In addition, we presented the proprietary methodology we use to examine the fundus using postmortem ophthalmoscopy. This review of literature is based on a selective literature search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases from 2009 to 2023 using the search terms “ophthalmoscopy”, “forensic medicine” and “retina”.
keywords:

retina, forensic medicine, ophthalmoscopy, autopsy
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