Introduction:

Aseptic abscess syndrome (AAS) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by recurrent skin abscesses caused by the infiltration of neutrophils. The disease exhibits features of an autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorder with an unknown pathomechanism. The most effective therapeutic option is systemic use of glucocorticosteroids, and in severe cases, tumor necrosis factor-a inhibitors and anakinra.

Case report:

In our case, a 45-year-old woman was diagnosed with recurrent abscess-like lesions in the left breast. The differential diagnosis was expanded and included malignancy, mycobacteriosis, radiation sickness, and immunodeficiency, all of which were ruled out as potential pathomechanisms. No immune defect was identified to explain multinucleated cell activation.

Conclusions:

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the immune system, particularly neutrophils function, as there is limited literature on this subject. Although we could not identify an immune defect explaining the cell activation, glucocorticoid treatment proved effective and led to several months of remission.