Krasowska D, Kozłowicz K, Legieć W, et al. Case ReportExtensive leg and foot ulcers as a manifestation of cryoglobulinaemia
with accompanying monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii. 2011;28(2):145-149.
APA
Krasowska, D., Kozłowicz, K., Legieć, W., Nowicka, P., Dobel, M., & Krzowska-Firych, J. et al. (2011). Case ReportExtensive leg and foot ulcers as a manifestation of cryoglobulinaemia
with accompanying monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 28(2), 145-149.
Chicago
Krasowska, Dorota, Katarzyna Kozłowicz, Wojciech Legieć, Patrycja Nowicka, Martyna Dobel, Joanna Krzowska-Firych, and Aldona Pietrzak et al. 2011. "Case ReportExtensive leg and foot ulcers as a manifestation of cryoglobulinaemia
with accompanying monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance". Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii 28 (2): 145-149.
Harvard
Krasowska, D., Kozłowicz, K., Legieć, W., Nowicka, P., Dobel, M., Krzowska-Firych, J., Pietrzak, A., Dmoszyńska, A., and Chodorowska, G. (2011). Case ReportExtensive leg and foot ulcers as a manifestation of cryoglobulinaemia
with accompanying monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 28(2), pp.145-149.
MLA
Krasowska, Dorota et al. "Case ReportExtensive leg and foot ulcers as a manifestation of cryoglobulinaemia
with accompanying monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance." Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii, vol. 28, no. 2, 2011, pp. 145-149.
Vancouver
Krasowska D, Kozłowicz K, Legieć W, Nowicka P, Dobel M, Krzowska-Firych J et al. Case ReportExtensive leg and foot ulcers as a manifestation of cryoglobulinaemia
with accompanying monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii. 2011;28(2):145-149.
Cryoglobulinaemia is characterized by the presence of cryoglobulins in serum, which precipitate at temperatures below 37°C and dissolve on warming. Cryoglobulins may form immune complexes or circulating aggregates, which induces clinical symptoms of leucoclastic vasculitis or leads to hyperviscosity syndrome. Clinical manifestations have various locations; lesions mostly appear on the skin, but may also involve many different organs. Clinically, cryoglobulinaemia is classified into idiopathic cryoglobulinaemia without any accompanying disease and secondary cryoglobulinaemia, which occurs in association with other diseases, e.g. infectious, lymphoproliferative and connective tissue diseases. Treatment of cryoglobulinaemia depends on a concomitant disease. The aim of the present study was to describe a case of extensive leg and foot ulcers as a manifestation of cryoglobulinaemia accompanying monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Key words: ulcers, cryoglobulins, monoclonal gammopathy.