eISSN: 1732-2707
ISSN: 1730-1270
HIV & AIDS Review. International Journal of HIV-Related Problems
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2/2021
vol. 20
 
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abstract:
Original paper

Causes and predictors of hospitalization and in-hospital mortality among HIV/AIDS patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in secondary and tertiary care hospitals in Oromia Regional State: multi-center cross-sectional study

Gurmu T. Umeta
1
,
Legese Chelkeba
2
,
Gosaye M. Tefera
1
,
Kemal Jemal
3
,
Kabaye K. Goro
2

1.
Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Course Unit, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
2.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
3.
Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
HIV AIDS Rev 2021; 20, 2: 102-108
Online publish date: 2021/06/30
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Introduction
Highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) decrease the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dramatically. However, current research reported an increased hospitalization rate among AIDS patients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine causes and predictors of hospital admission as well as in-hospital mortality amongst human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS-infected patients on HAART.

Material and methods
This was a multi-center cross-sectional study, and included HIV/AIDS patients who were admitted to secondary and tertiary care hospitals in Oromia Regional State from May 1, 2017, to August 30, 2017. Data were collected from hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients using structured checklist and interview. Results were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 22. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate association, and p-value < 0.05 was used to determine relationship between dependent and independent variables.

Results
Out of 171 participants enrolled, 105 (61%) were hospitalized due to opportunistic infections. Age ranged from 40 to 49 (AOR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.09-0.98%) vs. 18-29, females (AOR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.11-5.24%), CD4+ count less than 200 (AOR = 10.32; 95% CI: 3.49-30.52%), and poor adhered (AOR = 2.78; 95% CI: 1.21-6.41%) were significantly related to hospitalization with opportunistic infections (AIDS-related illnesses). Among admitted patients, 20 (11.7%) died in hospital. Poorly adherent patients and those who spent 9 days or more in hospital were more exposed to in-hospital death, with AOR = 3.093; 95% CI: 1.012-9.453% and AOR = 4.533; 95% CI: 1.371-14.985%, respectively.

Conclusions
The  major causes of  hospitalization were HIV/AIDS-related illnesses. Adherence to the HIV drug regimen is warranted to minimize hospitalization with opportunistic infections and HIV/AIDS mortality.

keywords:

highly active antiretroviral therapy, hospital admission, human immune virus (HIV)

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