Introduction

Endometriosis in women is a chronic inflammatory disease in which pain is the dominant and often the most debilitating clinical symptom. The severity of pain often does not correlate with the extent of anatomical changes, and in a significant proportion of patients it persists despite surgical and hormonal treatment.

Aim of the research

To analyse the available scientific evidence on central sensitisation as a mechanism of chronic pain in women with endometriosis, taking into account its relationship with neuropathic pain, nociceptive pain, myofascial pain, and quality of life after surgical treatment.

Material and methods

The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. In November and December 2025, electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched. The search strategy was based on the keywords “endometriosis”, “central nervous system sensitisation”, and “central sensitisation”. Ultimately, 14 publications were included in the review.

Results

The findings clearly indicate a frequent occurrence of central sensitisation, reduced pain thresholds, and symptoms of neuropathic pain in women with endometriosis. They also suggest strong links between these mechanisms and pain intensity, sexual dysfunction, anxiety and depressive disorders, and poorer quality of life, including in women who have undergone surgical treatment.

Conclusions

Central sensitisation appears to be a major mechanism underlying chronic pain in women with endometriosis. Failure to take it into account in the therapeutic process may lead to the ineffectiveness of surgical and pharmacological treatment.