Comparison of antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of meliponine honey from different stingless bee species and origins: a scoping review

Introduction
Meliponine honey, derived from stingless bees, has significant therapeutic potential due to its bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and flavonoids, which contribute to its antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. However, the variations in honey quality based on bee species and geographical origin still require further exploration to maximize its benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the variations in antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of meliponine honey based on stingless bee species and their geographical origins.

Material and methods
This scoping review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, including a comprehensive literature search in major scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, DOAJ, Wiley Online, and Google Scholar. Data from relevant studies were extracted and analyzed using a thematic synthesis approach to identify patterns in the bioactivity of Trigona honey.

Results
A total of 23 articles met the inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed that the antioxidant properties of meliponine honey are influenced by phenolic and flavonoid content, which vary according to geographical origin, local flora, and bee species. The antidiabetic activity of the honey is associated with its ability to inhibit a-amylase and a-glucosidase enzymes and enhance insulin release. Honey from regions such as Kalimantan and Sarawak exhibited higher bioactive content compared to other areas.

Conclusions
Meliponine honey is a promising natural therapeutic agent for diabetes management, with its bioactive quality influenced by bee species, geographical origin, and botanical sources. This study supports further development to optimize the benefits of meliponine honey through holistic approaches and broader clinical trials.