The usefulness of phase contrast microscopy in diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidisis (VVC) is presented. The crucial role of differentiation of colonization and uncomplicated VVC infection using contrast phase microscopy is pointed out. Figures of spores and pseudohyphae of Candida albicans obtained in traditional cytology, KOH test and contrast phase method are compared. Cytological features of non-albicans species and significance of cytopathic effect in recognition of VVC infection are discussed. Complement of direct smear cytological tests and mycological cultures, especially with reference to non-albicans species is pointed out.