About
Scope & Aims
Editorial office
Editorial board
Ethical standards and procedures
Abstracting and indexing
Contact
Articles & Issues
Current issue
Articles in press
Archive
For Authors
General rules
Ethics in publishing
Guide for authors
Templates
Publication charge
For Reviewers
Our reviewers
Ethics in publishing
Guide for reviewers
Books and Events
Books
Events
ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of cold versus heat modalities on dynamic balance in healthy adolescents
1
Department of Physical Therapy for Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
2
Department of Physical Therapy for Paediatrics and Its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
3
Department of Physical Therapy for Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Submission date: 2019-12-12
Acceptance date: 2020-04-23
Publication date: 2021-06-21
Physiother Quart. 2021;29(2):56-61
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Many adolescents are treated with cold or heat modalities before therapeutic exercise, but the difference between the effect of cold vs. heat on dynamic balance is not clear till now. The study aimed to determine the immediate effects of cold and heat modalities for ankle joint on dynamic balance and also to compare the impact of these modalities on dynamic balance.
Methods:
The study involved 30 normal adolescents of both genders aged 13–18 years. The Biodex system was used for dynamic balance assessment in each participant under 3 conditions: (1) control condition: at room temperature; (2) immediately after a 15-minute cold immersion (5°C ± 1°C) for ankle joint; (3) immediately after a 15-minute heat immersion (40°C ± 5°C) for ankle joint. For randomization, the order of cold and heat modalities was chosen randomly by using a coin flip.
Results:
Mixed design MANOVA revealed statistically significant changes in dynamic balance, including overall stability (OAS), anteroposterior stability (AP), and mediolateral stability (ML) after cold modality and after heat modality (p ≤ 0.05). The pairwise comparison test to compare cold vs. heat modalities determined that OAS, AP, and ML were statistically significantly improved after heat modality in comparison with cold modality (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusions:
Dynamic balance could be altered immediately after cold or heat modalities. It improved after heat while decreased after cold modality in healthy adolescents.
Many adolescents are treated with cold or heat modalities before therapeutic exercise, but the difference between the effect of cold vs. heat on dynamic balance is not clear till now. The study aimed to determine the immediate effects of cold and heat modalities for ankle joint on dynamic balance and also to compare the impact of these modalities on dynamic balance.
Methods:
The study involved 30 normal adolescents of both genders aged 13–18 years. The Biodex system was used for dynamic balance assessment in each participant under 3 conditions: (1) control condition: at room temperature; (2) immediately after a 15-minute cold immersion (5°C ± 1°C) for ankle joint; (3) immediately after a 15-minute heat immersion (40°C ± 5°C) for ankle joint. For randomization, the order of cold and heat modalities was chosen randomly by using a coin flip.
Results:
Mixed design MANOVA revealed statistically significant changes in dynamic balance, including overall stability (OAS), anteroposterior stability (AP), and mediolateral stability (ML) after cold modality and after heat modality (p ≤ 0.05). The pairwise comparison test to compare cold vs. heat modalities determined that OAS, AP, and ML were statistically significantly improved after heat modality in comparison with cold modality (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusions:
Dynamic balance could be altered immediately after cold or heat modalities. It improved after heat while decreased after cold modality in healthy adolescents.
REFERENCES (33)
1.
Nadler SF, Weingand K, Kruse RJ. The physiologic basis and clinical applications of cryotherapy and thermotherapy for the pain practitioner. Pain Physician. 2004;7(3):395–399; doi: 10.36076/ppj.2004/7/395.
2.
Altun M, Kaynak H, Ünal M, Özer M, Akseki D. Effect of hot and cold applications on jump performance. Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2014;6(1):14–23.
3.
Ingersoll CD, Knight KL, Merrick MA. Sensory perception of the foot and ankle following therapeutic applications of heat and cold. J Athl Train. 1992;27(3):231–234.
4.
Algafly AA, George KP. The effect of cryotherapy on nerve conduction velocity, pain threshold and pain tolerance. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41(6):365–369; doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2006.031237.
5.
Richendollar ML, Darby LA, Brown TM. Ice bag application, active warm-up, and 3 measures of maximal functional performance. J Ath Train. 2006;41(4):364–370.
6.
Bleakley CM, Costello JT, Glasgow PD. Should athletes return to sport after applying ice? A systematic review of the effect of local cooling on functional performance. Sports Med. 2012;42(1):69–87; doi: 10.2165/11595970-000000000-00000.
7.
Prentice WE. Principles of athletic training: a competency-based approach. McGraw-Hill Education; 2013.
8.
Shumway-Cook A, Anson D, Haller S. Postural sway biofeedback: its effect on reestablishing stance stability in hemiplegic patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1988;69(6):395–400.
9.
Vijayaragavan R, Perumal V. Effect of balance exercise program on static balance of male handball players at school level. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health. 2016;3(6):285–288.
10.
Refshauge KM, Kilbreath SL, Raymond J. The effect of recurrent ankle inversion sprain and taping on proprioception at the ankle. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(1):10–15; doi: 10.1097/00005768-200001000-00003.
11.
Lubetzky-Vilnai A, Kartin D. The effect of balance training on balance performance in individuals poststroke: a systematic review. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2010;34(3):127–137; doi: 10.1097/NPT.0b013e3181ef764d.
12.
Bell DR, Guskiewicz KM, Clark MA, Padua DA. Systematic review of the balance error scoring system. Sports Health. 2011;3(3):287–295; doi: 10.1177/1941738111403122.
13.
Paillard T, Noé F. Effect of expertise and visual contribution on postural control in soccer. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2006;16(5):345–348; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00502.x.
14.
Fullam K, Caulfield B, Coughlan GF, McGroarty M, Delahunt E. Dynamic postural-stability deficits after cryotherapy to the ankle joint. J Athl Train. 2015;50(9):893–904; doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-50.7.07.
15.
Kaynak H, Altun M, Özer M, Akseki D. Proprioception in sport and its relations with hot and cold applications [in Turkish]. CBU J Phys Edu Sport Sci. 2015;10(1):10–35.
16.
White GE, Wells GD. Cold-water immersion and other forms of cryotherapy: physiological changes potentially affecting recovery from high-intensity exercise. Extrem Physiol Med. 2013;2(1):26; doi: 10.1186/2046-7648-2-26.
17.
Salehi R, Zarei M, Alizadeh MH, Karimi N. Effect of lower leg cold immersion on dynamic balance of athletes and nonathletes [in Persian]. J Rehabil. 2016;17(2):148–157; doi: 10.21859/jrehab-1702148.
18.
Eftekhari F, Sadeghi H, Rajabi H, Memar R, Leili AK. The effect of local cooling on knee joint position sense in healthy trained young females [in Persian]. Int J Sport Stud. 2015;5(6):700–707.
19.
Wassinger CA, Myers JB, Gatti JM, Conley KM, Lephart SM. Proprioception and throwing accuracy in the dominant shoulder after cryotherapy. J Athl Train. 2007;42(1):84–89.
20.
Williams EE, Miller 3rd SJ, Sebastianelli WJ, Vairo GL. Comparative immediate functional outcomes among cryotherapeutic interventions at the ankle. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2013;8(6):828–837.
21.
Costello JT, Donnelly AE. Effects of cold water immersion on knee joint position sense in healthy volunteers. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(5):449–456; doi: 10.1080/02640414.2010.544047.
22.
Douglas M, Bivens S, Pesterfield J, Clemson N, Castle W, Sole G, et al. Immediate effects of cryotherapy on static and dynamic balance. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2013;8(1):9–14.
23.
Oliveira R, Ribeiro F, Oliveira J. Cryotherapy impairs knee joint position sense. Int J Sports Med. 2010;31(3):198–201; doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1242812.
24.
Surenkok O, Aytar A, Tüzün EH, Akman MN. Cryotherapy impairs knee joint position sense and balance. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2008;16(1):69–73; doi: 10.3233/IES-2008-0298.
25.
Drouin JM, Valovich-McLeod TC, Shultz SJ, Gansneder BM, Perrin DH. Reliability and validity of the Biodex system 3 pro isokinetic dynamometer velocity, torque and position measurements. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004;91(1):22–29; doi: 10.1007/s00421-003-0933-0.
26.
Bunn GP. Good manufacturing practices for pharmaceuticals, 7th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2019.
27.
Duecker JR. Measurement of validity for balance assessments using a modified CTSIB Sway Index versus a Biodex Sway Index. University of Akron; 2013.
28.
Winter DA, Patla AE, Frank JS. Assessment of balance control in humans. Med Prog Technol. 1990;16(1–2):31–51.
29.
Kioumourtzoglou E, Derri V, Mertzanidou O, Tzetzis G. Experience with perceptual and motor skills in rhythmic gymnastics. Percept Mot Skills. 1997;84(3 Pt 2):1363–1372; doi: 10.2466/pms.1997.84.3c.1363.
30.
Davlin CD. Dynamic balance in high level athletes. Percept Mot Skills. 2004;98(3 Pt 2):1171–1176; doi: 10.2466/pms.98.3c.1171-1176.
31.
Ahmed YF, Raoof NAA, El-Sayyad MM, Amin DI. Immediate and late effect of cryotherapy on balance in healthy subjects. Int J Physiother. 2017;4(2):77–85; doi: 10.15621/ijphy/2017/v4i2/141945.
32.
Simon E, Kosaka M. Application of heat and cold: physiological responses and therapeutic implications. In: Kosaka M, Sugahara T, Schmidt KL, Simon E (eds.), Thermotherapy for neoplasia, inflammation, and pain. Springer; 2001; 12–26.
33.
Mtibaa K, Thomson A, Nichols D, Hautier C, Racinais S. Hyperthermia-induced neural alterations impair proprioception and balance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50(1):46–53; doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001418.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2544-4395 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
