ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of functional task training versus resistance training in improving activities of daily living performance in Indian community-dwelling older adults
 
More details
Hide details
1
Department of Community Physiotherapy, Maharashtra Institute of Physiotherapy, Latur, India
 
2
Department of Kinesiotherapy and Physical Diagnosis, Maharashtra Institute of Physiotherapy, Latur, India
 
3
Department of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Maharashtra Institute of Physiotherapy, Latur, India
 
 
Submission date: 2020-08-10
 
 
Acceptance date: 2020-11-09
 
 
Publication date: 2022-09-26
 
 
Physiother Quart. 2022;30(3):86-90
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
There is little certainty about the effect of different exercise programs on the performance of activities of daily living (ADL). The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of functional task training (FTT) and resistance training (RT) on improving ADL performance in Indian community-dwelling older adults.

Methods:
The single-blinded comparative experimental study involved 100 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above. The subjects were randomly assigned to either the FTT group or the RT group. The FTT group (n = 50) performed functional task exercises associated with functional performance and the RT group (n = 50) performed resistance exercises focusing mainly on muscle performance. Exercises were practised in 1-hour sessions, 3 times a week, for 12 weeks. ADL performance of the participants was assessed at baseline and 12 weeks by using the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale.

Results:
In both groups, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed a significant difference between median pre-intervention ranks and median post-intervention ranks, indicating a significant improvement in ADL performance in both groups (p < 0.05). However, the Mann-Whitney U test demonstrated that the improvement in ADL performance in the FTT group was significantly greater than that in the RT group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Although both groups significantly enhanced their ADL performance, the improvement achieved by the FTT group was significantly greater than that in the RT group.

 
REFERENCES (32)
1.
Barbosa BR, de Almeida JM, Barbosa MR, Rossi-Barbosa LAR. Evaluation of the functional capacity of the elderly and factors associated with disability [in Portuguese]. Cien Saude Colet. 2014;19(8):3317–3325; doi: 10.1590/1413-81232014198.06322013.
 
2.
Binder EF, Schechtman KB, Ehsani AA, Steger-May K, Brown M, Sinacore DR, et al. Effects of exercise training on frailty in community-dwelling older adults: results of a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(12):1921–1928; doi: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50601.x.
 
3.
Stuck AE, Walthert JM, Nikolaus T, Büla CJ, Hohmann C, Beck JC. Risk factors for functional status decline in community-living elderly people: a systematic literature review. Soc Sci Med. 1999;48(4):445–469; doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00370-0.
 
4.
Shephard RJ. The scientific basis of exercise prescribing for the very old. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990;38(1):62–70; doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1990.tb01600.x.
 
5.
Van Heuvelen MJ, Kempen GI, Brouwer WH, de Greef MH. Physical fitness related to disability in older persons. Gerontology. 2000;46(6):333–341; doi: 10.1159/000022187.
 
6.
LaCroix AZ, Guralnik JM, Berkman LF, Wallace RB, Satterfield S. Maintaining mobility in late life. II. Smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and body mass index. Am J Epidemiol. 1993;137(8):858–869; doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116747.
 
7.
Daley MJ, Spinks WL. Exercise, mobility and aging. Sports Med. 2000;29(1):1–12; doi: 10.2165/00007256-200029010-00001.
 
8.
Keysor JJ, Jette AM. Have we oversold the benefit of late-life exercise? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(7):M412–M423; doi: 10.1093/gerona/56.7.m412.
 
9.
McMurdo ME, Johnstone R. A randomized controlled trial of a home exercise programme for elderly people with poor mobility. Age Ageing. 1995;24(5):425–428; doi: 10.1093/ageing/24.5.425.
 
10.
Skelton DA, Young A, Greig CA, Malbut KE. Effects of resistance training on strength, power, and selected functional abilities of women aged 75 and older. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995;43(10):1081–1087; doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1995.tb07004.x.
 
11.
Judge JO, Whipple RH, Wolfson LI. Effects of resistive and balance exercises on isokinetic strength in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1994;42(9):937–946; doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06584.x.
 
12.
Liu C-J, Latham NK. Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;2009(3):CD002759; doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002759.pub2.
 
13.
Keysor JJ. Does late-life physical activity or exercise prevent or minimize disablement? A critical review of the scientific evidence. Am J Prev Med. 2003;25(3 Suppl. 2):129–136; doi: 10.1016/s0749-3797(03)00176-4.
 
14.
Morrissey MC, Harman EA, Johnson MJ. Resistance training modes: specificity and effectiveness. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(5):648–660; doi: 10.1249/00005768-199505000-00006.
 
15.
Borg G. Borg’s perceived exertion and pain scales. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1998.
 
16.
Kempen GI, Miedema I, Ormel J, Molenaar W. The assessment of disability with the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale. Conceptual framework and psychometric properties. Soc Sci Med. 1996;43(11):1601–1610; doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00057-3.
 
17.
Liu-Ambrose T, Khan KM, Eng JJ, Lord SR, McKay HA. Balance confidence improves with resistance or agility training. Increase is not correlated with objective changes in fall risk and physical abilities. Gerontology. 2004;50(6):373–382; doi: 10.1159/000080175.
 
18.
Hart PD, Buck DJ. The effect of resistance training on health-related quality of life in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Promot Perspect. 2019;9(1):1–12; doi: 10.15171/hpp.2019.01.
 
19.
De Vreede PL, Samson MM, van Meeteren NLU, Duursma SA, Verhaar HJJ. Functional-task exercise versus resistance strength exercise to improve daily function in older women: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(1):2–10; doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53003.x.
 
20.
Chin A Paw MJM, van Poppel MNM, Twisk JWR, van Mechelen W. Effects of resistance and all-round, functional training on quality of life, vitality and depression of older adults living in long-term care facilities: a ‘randomized’ controlled trial [ISRCTN87177281]. BMC Geriatr. 2004;4:5; doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-4-5.
 
21.
Sherrington C, Whitney JC, Lord SR, Herbert RD, Cumming RG, Close JCT. Effective exercise for the prevention of falls: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(12):2234–2243; doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02014.x.
 
22.
Vogler CM, Sherrington C, Ogle SJ, Lord SR. Reducing risk of falling in older people discharged from hospital: a randomized controlled trial comparing seated exercises, weight-bearing exercises, and social visits. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;90(8):1317–1324; doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.01.030.
 
23.
Latham NK, Anderson CS, Lee A, Bennett DA, Moseley A, Cameron ID, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of quadriceps resistance exercise and vitamin D in frail older people: the Frailty Interventions Trial in Elderly Subjects (FITNESS). J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(3):291–299; doi: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51101.x.
 
24.
King AC, Rejeski WJ, Buchner DM. Physical activity interventions targeting older adults. A critical review and recommendations. Am J Prev Med. 1998;15(4):316–333; doi: 10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00085-3.
 
25.
Connelly DM, Vandervoort AA. Effects of detraining on knee extensor strength and functional mobility in a group of elderly women. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1997;26(6):340–346; doi: 10.2519/jospt.1997.26.6.340.
 
26.
Giné-Garriga M, Guerra M, Pagès E, Manini TM, Jiménez R, Unnithan VB. The effect of functional circuit training on physical frailty in frail older adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Aging Phys Act. 2010;18(4):401–424; doi: 10.1123/japa.18.4.401.
 
27.
Weening-Dijksterhuis E. Physical exercise to improve or maintain activities of daily living performance in frail institutionalized older persons. Groningen: Betsy Weening-Dijksterhuis; 2014.
 
28.
Law LLF, Mok VCT, Yau MMK. Effects of functional tasks exercise on cognitive functions of older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled pilot trial. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2019;11(1):98; doi: 10.1186/s13195-019-0548-2.
 
29.
Mulder T. A process-oriented model of human motor behavior: toward a theory-based rehabilitation approach. Phys Ther. 1991;71(2):157–164; doi: 10.1093/ptj/71.2.157.
 
30.
De Vreede PL, Samson MM, van Meeteren NL, van der Bom JG, Duursma SA, Verhaar HJ. Functional tasks exercise versus resistance exercise to improve daily function in older women: a feasibility study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85(12):1952–1961; doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.05.006.
 
31.
Fieo R, Watson R, Deary IJ, Starr JM. A revised activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living instrument increases interpretive power: theoretical application for functional tasks exercise. Gerontology. 2010;56(5):483–490; doi: 10.1159/000271603.
 
32.
Liu C-J, Shiroy DM, Jones LY, Clark DO. Systematic review of functional training on muscle strength, physical functioning, and activities of daily living in older adults. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act. 2014;11:95–106; doi: 10.1007/s11556-014-0144-1.
 
eISSN:2544-4395
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top