Evaluation of ocular findings in patients with lichen planus

Introduction
Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic, inflammatory disease of unknown etiology.

Aim
To evaluate the tear functions and the retinal and choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with LP.

Material and methods
In total, 33 patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. All participants were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, Schirmer 1 test (with anesthesia), tear break-up time (TBUT) test, intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length (AL), and central corneal thickness (CCT). The measurements of retinal thickness (RT) and CT were obtained by spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Results
No significant difference was observed between the groups in IOP, AL, CCT, or RT (p > 0.05 in each group). There was a significant difference in the Schirmer 1 test, TBUT, and OSDI questionnaire (p < 0.05 in each group). Choroidal thickness in LP patients was thinner than that in the controls (p = 0.001 in each location). There was a moderate negative correlation between the disease duration and Schirmer 1 test, TBUT, and subfoveal CT (r = –0.426, r = –0.555, r = –0.637; p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). There was a moderate negative correlation between the oral mucosal involvement and Schirmer 1 test, TBUT, and subfoveal CT (r = –0.345, r = –0.392, r = –0.467; p = 0.006, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). There was a positive correlation between disease duration, oral mucosal involvement and OSDI score (r = 0.717, r = 0.345; p = 0.001, p = 0.006, respectively).

Conclusions
Lichen planus may influence tear function tests and may cause dry eye. Patients with LP had lower CT values than healthy controls. Further studies are needed to clarify the effect of LP on the eyes.