Expression of ORAI1 and STIM1 genes in blood of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

This study aimed to detect the expression level of ORAI1 and STIM1 genes in blood of patients with bilateral pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in comparison with the control group. Both genes encode proteins providing store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) into the cells, including immune cells, to activate transcriptional factors for producing cytokines and inflammation-restricting proteins. The study included 45 patients with confirmed TB, aged 20 to 86, and 35 volunteers, aged from 21 to 73, without active TB infection. The expression of ORAI1 and STIM1 genes in blood was performed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as the referent gene. Inflammation was assessed by levels of interferon  (IFN-) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) in serum (ELISA method). The results showed lower expression of ORAI1 in blood and higher levels of IFN- and IL-18 in serum of TB patients than that of the control group and no differences in expression of the STIM1 gene. It indicates some impairment in the SOCE mechanism of immune cells, which is associated with TB.