Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection in the oral cavity

Joanna Gałuszka-Garnuszek; Michał Brzdęk; Krystyna Dobrowolska; Kinga Brzdęk; Magdalena Kal; Piotr M. Stępień; Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk

doi:10.5114/ms.2025.154759

eISSN: 2300-6722
ISSN: 1899-1874

Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne

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3/2025
vol. 41

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abstract:

Review paper

Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection in the oral cavity

Joanna Gałuszka-Garnuszek

¹

,

Michał Brzdęk

^{2, 3}

,

Krystyna Dobrowolska

^{2, 3}

,

Kinga Brzdęk

³

,

Magdalena Kal

^{3, 4}

,

Piotr M. Stępień

²

,

Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk

^{2, 3}

Institute of Literary Studies and Linguistics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
Department of Infectious Diseases, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
Ophthalmic Clinic of the Voivodeship Hospital, Kielce, Poland

Medical Studies 2025; 41 (3): 172–178

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ms.2025.154759

Online publish date: 2025/09/30

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According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of people actively infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the world currently reaches 50 million. In the last few years, there has been a revolution in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and now safe interferon-free regimens based on drugs with direct-acting antivirals (DAA) are available in the treatment of HCV infections, the effectiveness of which exceeds 95%. As a result, according to WHO forecasts, it is possible to eliminate HCV infection by 2030. A necessary condition to achieve this goal is the diagnosis of the disease in patients unaware of the infection. Chronic HCV infection can lead to extrahepatic manifestations, including changes in the oral mucosa such as xerostomia, lichen planus, or periodontal diseases. The aim of this publication is to draw attention to the extrahepatic symptoms with which a patient infected with HCV may present to a dentist.

keywords:

Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection in the oral cavity

Joanna Gałuszka-Garnuszek 1 , Michał Brzdęk 2, 3 , Krystyna Dobrowolska 2, 3 , Kinga Brzdęk 3 , Magdalena Kal 3, 4 , Piotr M. Stępień 2 , Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk 2, 3

hepatitis C virus, chronic hepatitis C, extrahepatic manifestations, lichen planus, xerostomia, periodontal disease

Joanna Gałuszka-Garnuszek

¹

,

Michał Brzdęk

^{2, 3}

,

Krystyna Dobrowolska

^{2, 3}

,

Kinga Brzdęk

³

,

Magdalena Kal

^{3, 4}

,

Piotr M. Stępień

²

,

Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk

^{2, 3}