eISSN: 2449-8580
ISSN: 1734-3402
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review
Current issue Archive Manuscripts accepted About the journal Editorial board Reviewers Abstracting and indexing Subscription Contact Instructions for authors Publication charge Ethical standards and procedures
Editorial System
Submit your Manuscript
SCImago Journal & Country Rank
1/2022
vol. 24
 
Share:
Share:
Original paper

Factors affecting the disease severity of COVID-19 patients in an emergency setting

Samuel Bungaran Partahi Saud Manalu
1
,
Elcha Leonard
1
,
Carennia Paramita
1
,
Marshell Tendean
1, 2

1.
Department of Medicine, UKRIDA Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
2.
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana, Jakarta, Indonesia
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review 2022; 24(1): 56–60
Online publish date: 2022/03/27
Get citation
 
PlumX metrics:
 
1. Wang C, Wang Z, Wang G. COVID-19 in early 2021: current status and looking forward. Sig Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6(114), doi: 10.1038/s41392-021-00527-1.
2. Wu D, Wu T, Liu Q, et al. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: What we know. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 94: 44–48, doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.004.
3. Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 – 1 June 2021 [Internet]. Who.int 2022 [cited 4.06.2021]. Available from URL: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---1-june-2021.
4. Surendra H, Elyazar IR, Djaafara BA, et al. Clinical characteristics and mortality associated with COVID-19 in Jakarta, Indonesia: a hospital-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2021; 9: 100108, doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100108.
5. Ranjan R, Sharma A, Verma M. Characterization of the Second Wave of COVID-19 in India Characterization of the Second Wave of COVID-19 in India. Current Science 2021; 121(1): 85–93.
6. Chen J, Wang R, Wang M, et al. Mutations Strengthened SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity. J Mol Biol 2020; 432(19): 5212–5226, doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.07.009.
7. Davies NG, Davies NG, Abbott S, et al. Estimated transmissibility and impact of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England. Science 2021; 372(6538): eabg3055, doi: 10.1126/science.abg3055.
8. Vallverdu I, Herna S, Iftimie S, et al. First and second waves of coronavirus disease-19: a comparative study in hospitalized patients in Reus, Spain. PLoS ONE 2021; 16(3): e0248029, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248029.
9. Tuite AR, Fisman DN, Odutayo A, et al. COVID-19 hospitalizations, ICU admissions and deaths associated with the new variants of concern. Science Briefs of the Ontario COVID19 Science Advisory Table 2021; 1(18), doi: 10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.18.1.0.
10. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) Situation Report-56. Cdn.who.int 2022 [cited 4.06.2021]. Available from URL: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/searo/indonesia/covid19/external-situation-report-56_26-may-2021.pdf?sfvrsn=b05d7bb5_5.
11. Susanto N. Differences of confirmatory case, mortality rate and incident mortality of COVID-19 in Indonesia, Asia and WHO online data case study. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat 2021; 12(1): 50–59. doi: 10.26553/jikm.2021.12.1.50-59.
12. Al-Jahdhami I, Al-Naamani K, Al-Mawali A. The Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome (Long COVID). Oman Med J 2021; 36(1): e220, doi: 10.5001/omj.2021.91.
13. Baker AKF, Hanrath AAT, Loeff BIS van der, et al. National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) to identify inpatient COVID-19 deterioration: a retrospective analysis. Clin Med (Lond) 2021; 21(2): 84–89, doi: 10.7861/clinmed.2020-0688.
14. Vittorio G, Anna DS, Francesco G, et al. National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) better predicts critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) illness than COVID‑GRAM, a multi‑centre study. Infection 2021; 49(5): 1033–1038, doi: 10.1007/s15010-021-01620-x.
15. Luo H, Liu S, Wang Y, et al. Age differences in clinical features and outcomes in patients with COVID-19, Jiangsu, China: A retrospective, multicentre cohort study. BMJ Open 2020; 10: e039887, doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039887.
16. Yi P, Yang X, Ding C, et al. Risk factors and clinical features of deterioration in COVID-19 patients in Zhejiang, China: a single-centre, retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20(1): 943, doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05682-4.
17. O’Driscoll M, Ribeiro Dos Santos G, Wang L, et al. Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of SARS-CoV-2. Nature 2021; 590(7844): 140–145, doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2918-0.
18. Ho JSY, Fernando DI, Chan MY, et al. Obesity in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2020; 49(12): 996–1008.
19. Bajaj V, Gadi N, Spihlman AP, et al. Aging, Immunity, and COVID-19: How Age Influences the Host Immune Response to Coronavirus Infections? Front Physiol 2021; 11: 1–23.
20. Crimmins EM. Age-Related Vulnerability to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Biological, Contextual, and Policy-Related Factors. Public Policy Aging Rep 2020; 30(4): 142–146.
21. Dehingia N, Raj A. Sex differences in COVID-19 case fatality: do we know enough? Lancet Glob Heal 2021; 9(1): e14–e45, doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30464-2.
22. Jin JM, Bai P, He W, et al. Gender Differences in Patients With COVID-19: Focus on Severity and Mortality. Front Public Heal 2020; 8: 1–6.
23. Du Y, Zhou N, Zha W, et al. Hypertension is a clinically important risk factor for critical illness and mortality in COVID-19: A meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31(3): 745–755, doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.009.
24. Xiong TY, Huang FY, Liu Q, et al. Hypertension is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a cohort study. Ann Med 2020; 52(7): 361–366, doi: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1802059.
25. Guo W, Li M, Dong Y, et al. Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36(7): 1–9.
26. Iacobellis G. COVID-19 and diabetes: Can DPP4 inhibition play a role? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 162: 108125, doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108125.
27. Huang I, Lim M, Pranata R. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia – a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14(4): 395–403, doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.018.
28. Bouhanick B, Cracowski J-L, Faillie J-L. Diabetes and COVID-19. Therapie 2020; 75(4): 327–333, doi: 10.1016/j.therap.2020.05.006.
29. Palaiodimos L, Chamorro-Pareja N, Karamanis D, et al. Diabetes is associated with increased risk for in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis comprising 18,506 patients. Hormones 2021; 20(2): 305–314.
30. De Almeida-Pititto B, Dualib PM, Zajdenverg L, et al. Severity and mortality of COVID 19 in patients with diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12(1): 1–12, doi: 10.1186/s13098-020-00586-4.
31. Vinciguerra M, Romiti S, Fattouch K, et al. Atherosclerosis as Pathogenetic Substrate for Sars-Cov2 Cytokine Storm. J Clin Med 2020; 9(7): 2095.
32. Driggin E, Madhavan MV, Bikdeli B, et al. Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75(18): 2352–2371.
33. Alaa A, Qian Z, Rashbass J, et al. Retrospective cohort study of admission timing and mortality following COVID-19 infection in England. BMJ Open 2020; 10(11): e042712.
34. Faes C, Abrams S, Beckhoven D van, et al. Time between symptom onset, hospitalisation and recovery or death: Statistical analysis of belgian COVID-19 patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(20): 1–18.
35. Peng L, Lv Q-Q, Yang F, et al. The interval between onset and admission predicts disease progression in COVID-19 patients. Ann Transl Med 2021; 9(3): 213–213.
36. Tao Z, Xu J, Chen W, et al. Anemia is associated with severe illness in COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. J Med Virol 2021; 93(3): 1478–1488.
37. Faghih Dinevari M, Somi MH, Sadeghi Majd E, et al. Anemia predicts poor outcomes of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: a prospective study in Iran. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21(1): 1–7.
38. Cecconi M, Piovani D, Brunetta E, et al. Early predictors of clinical deterioration in a cohort of 239 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection in Lombardy, Italy. J Clin Med 2020; 9(5): 1–16.
39. Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, et al. Clinical Course and outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID19 in Wuhan China. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 8(5): 475–481.
40. Trabulus S, Karaca C, Balkan II, et al. Kidney function on admission predicts in-hospital mortality in COVID-19. PLoS One 2020; 5: 1–14, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238680.
41. Cheng Y, Luo R, Wang K, et al. Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney Int 2020; 97(5): 829–838.
42. Uribarri A, Núñez-Gil IJ, Aparisi A, et al. Impact of renal function on admission in COVID-19 patients: an analysis of the international HOPE COVID-19 (Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation for COVID 19) Registry. J Nephrol 2020; 33(4): 737–745, doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00790-5.
43. Krishnasamy N, Rajendran K, Barua P, et al. Elevated Liver Enzymes along with Comorbidity Is a High Risk Factor for COVID-19 Mortality: A South Indian Study on 1,512 Patients. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2020.00100.
44. Ahmed M, Umar M, Sufyan A, et al. Liver Function Tests; a Marker of Severity in COVID-19 Patients. Austin Hepatol 2020; 5(1): 1–4.
45. Leulseged TW, Hassen IS, Ayele BT, et al. Laboratory biomarkers of COVID-19 disease severity and outcome: findings from a developing country. PLoS One 2021; 16: 1–13, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246087.
Copyright: © 2022 Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
 
Quick links
© 2024 Termedia Sp. z o.o.
Developed by Bentus.