Studia Medyczne

Healthcare systems in Poland and Germany: historical outline and comparative analysis

Janusz Szulik 1
,
Jakub Świtalski 2
,
Katarzyna Wnuk 1, 3
,
Iwona Wrześniewska-Wal 1
,
Janusz Opolski 4
,
Anna Augustynowicz 1, 5
  1. School of Public Health, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education of Warsaw, Poland
  2. Department of Ethics and Medical Law, Center for the Humanities and Social Sciences in Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
  3. Department of Health Policy Programs, Department of Healthcare Services, Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, Warsaw, Poland
  4. Faculty of Engineering and Management, University of Technology and Arts in Applied Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
  5. VIZJA University, Warsaw, Poland
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ms.2026.160794
Data publikacji online: 2026/04/10
Article file
Healthcare systems - Szulik.pdf
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Copyright: © 2026 Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
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