Abstract
6/2021
vol. 38
Letter to the Editor
Hereditary angioedema as a disease of different clinical courses and difficult diagnosis, particularly in children – a case report and a literature review
- Department of Paediatrics, Allergology and Gastroenterology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
Adv Dermatol Allergol 2021; XXXVIII (6): 1118-1121
Online publish date: 2022/01/07
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease with potentially fatal consequences [1]. Its estimated occurrence ranges from 1 : 10,000 to 1 : 50,000 [2]. A few types of HAE have been differentiated. HAE types 1 and 2 are most common, with depleted C1 inhibitor esterase (C1-INH) in serum or its dysfunction caused by a mutated SERPING1 gene [3]. The illness is mainly inherited through autosomal dominance, with 20–25% of cases caused by de novo mutation [4]. C1-INH, a member of the serpin group proteins, is a natural inhibitor of the initial phase of the complement cascade. Disrupting its concentration or function causes uncontrolled bradykinin production and accumulation, due to non-physiological activation of the complement system, the coagulation pathway, fibrinolysis and kallikrein cascade. When bound to its specific type 2 receptors, bradykinin induces a rapid increase in subcutaneous and submucosal blood vessel permeability, manifested as recurrent episodes of subcutaneous and submucosal tissue oedema.
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