Magnesium’s role and demand in cardiovascular diseases

Background
Observational studies indicate that inappropriate intake and serum levels of magnesium are associated with an increased risk of various cardiovascular diseases. However, the results of interventional studies do not support this effect​, which can be a result of difficulties in assessing the body’s magnesium status and determining its recommended intake. It seems that the demand for magnesium does not increase in cardiovascular diseases, but its proper balance could play a protective role against them. There are several factors that influence magnesium’s balance apart from its everyday intake, such as body weight, drugs, calcium supply, or a low-protein diet.

Objectives
This review discusses the role of magnesium in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, with particular emphasis on the body’s demand for this nutrient in light of research.

Material and methods
We searched the PubMed and Embase databases and selected articles on magnesium in cardiovascular disease and health using the following terms: “cardiovascular disease” OR “CVD” OR “ischemic heart disease “OR “atherosclerosis” OR “hypertension” OR “sudden cardiac death” OR “arrhythmias” OR “cardiac excitation” OR “heart failure” OR “stroke” AND “magnesium” OR “supplementation”, additionally “magnesium” AND “health” OR “status” OR “ion channels”.

Results and conclusions
It seems that even though magnesium supplement administration in cardiovascular diseases is not one of the therapeutic options, and is not recommended for routine usage, it should be supplied with a diet in an appropriate, ideally assessed individually, amount.