Lung transplantation has become an established treatment for a variety of end-stage pulmonary diseases. This procedure was also extended to patients with end-stage fibrotic lung disease. A successful lung transplantation is the culmination of a complex of surgical, medical and social interventions aimed at prolonging life and enhancing quality of life for patients. These rapid advances in patient care are also related to the development of immunological and antimicrobial management following transplantation. In recent years indications, contraindications and standards of care of patients were established and they are presented in the article.