Background

Migraine is a highly debilitating complex neurological disorder. Globally, migraine has been recognized as the second most common cause of disability.

Objectives

This study aims to assess public knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding migraine headaches and to identify factors influencing population KAP.

Material and methods

This population-based study was conducted from October 20, 2024, and January 15, 2025, in the Zakho independent administration and Duhok Province, in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. A total of 508 individuals were enrolled in this study. Data were collected in various public locations through direct interviews carried out by one of the authors. The questionnaire composed of 27 items divided into four sections: sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice.

Results

The mean age of the study respondents was 34.89 ± 10.61 years. The male to female ratio was about equal, and 76.2% were university students or had graduated from university. Family and friends were the primary source of migraine knowledge for 47.05% of the participants. The mean KAP score was 12.31 ± 3.1 out of 18. About two-fifths (39.17% and 49.41%) were classified as having good and moderate KAP scores, respectively, and only 11.42% exhibited a poor KAP score. Females, those with higher educational level, and healthcare workers significantly demonstrated better KAP scores compared to their counterparts.

Conclusions

Study participants demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge regarding migraine, while illustrating favorable attitudes and practices. The study results underscore the necessity for tailored public health initiatives and educational programs to improve migraine knowledge within our community.