Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii

Full text

5/2026 vol. 43
Original paper

Ready-to-use patch testing in paediatric allergic contact dermatitis: frequency and clinical relevance of positive patch test reactions

Figen Çelebi Çelik 1
,
Elif B. Engin 2
,
Hatice C. Eser 1
,
Aymen Hişmioğulları 1
,
Gülçin Kaymakoğlu 1
,
Soner Günder 1
,
Canan Ş. Karkıner 1
,
Özlem Sancakli 1
,
Demet Can 1

  1. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Dr. Behcet Uz Child Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye

  2. Department of Paediatrics, Dr. Behcet Uz Child Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye

Adv Dermatol Allergol 2026; XLIII (5): 490-501

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2026.165990
Data publikacji online: 2026/10/23
Article file
PDiA Ready to.pdf
  1. de Waard-van der Spek FB, Darsow U, Mortz CG, et al. EAACI position paper for practical patch testing in allergic contact dermatitis in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2015; 26: 598-606.
  2. Johansen JD, Aalto-Korte K, Agner T, et al. European Society of Contact Dermatitis guideline for diagnostic patch testing: recommendations on best practice. Contact Dermatitis 2015; 73: 195-221.
  3. Neale H, Garza-Mayers AC, Tam I, Yu J. Pediatric allergic contact dermatitis. Part I: Clinical features and common contact allergens in children. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 84: 235-44.
  4. Tam I, Yu J. Pediatric contact dermatitis: what’s new. Curr Opin Pediatr 2020; 32: 524-30.
  5. Uter W, Aerts O, Agner T, et al. European Society of Contact Dermatitis guideline for diagnostic patch testing – recommendations on best practice (update 2026). Contact Dermatitis 2026; 95: 237-75.
  6. Spiewak R. Patch testing for contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis. Open Allergy J 2008; 1: 42-51.
  7. Simonsen AB, Deleuran M, Johansen JD, Sommerlund M. Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in children: a review of current data. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 65: 254-65.
  8. Rodrigues DF, Goulart EMA. Patch-test results in children and adolescents: systematic review of a 15-year period. An Bras Dermatol 2016; 91: 64-72.
  9. Zug KA, Pham AK, Belsito DV, et al. Patch testing in children from 2005 to 2012: results from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group. Dermatitis 2014; 25: 345-55.
  10. Belloni Fortina A, Cooper SM, Spiewak R, et al. Patch test results in children and adolescents across Europe: analysis of the ESSCA Network 2002-2010. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2015; 26: 446-55.
  11. Kalay Yildizhan I, Boyvat A. The contact sensitivity of Turkish children and adolescents to European Baseline Series allergens between 2013 and 2023. Dermatol Pract Concept 2024; 14: e2024151.
  12. Selmanoglu A, Kuzu Kusakli A, Aytekin Güvenir F, et al. European Standard Series patch test results in pediatric allergic contact dermatitis patients: a single-center experience. Asthma Allergy Immunol 2025; 23: 145-52.
  13. Isufi D, Jensen MB, Kursawe Larsen C, et al. Allergens responsible for contact allergy in children from 2010 to 2024: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Contact Dermatitis 2025; 92: 327-43.
  14. Wootton CI, Sodaly MK, Billamay SX, et al. Patch test results in paediatric patients with atopic dermatitis in Laos. PLoS One 2020; 15: e0231455.
  15. Simonsen AB, Deleuran M, Mortz CG, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis in Danish children referred for patch testing: a nationwide multicentre study. Contact Dermatitis 2014; 70: 104-11.
  16. Smith VM, Clark SM, Wilkinson M. Allergic contact dermatitis in children: trends in allergens, 10 years on. A retrospective study of 500 children tested between 2005 and 2014 in one UK centre. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 74: 37-43.
  17. Heine G, Schnuch A, Uter W, Worm M. Frequency of contact allergy in German children and adolescents patch tested between 1995 and 2002: results from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology and the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Contact Dermatitis 2004; 51: 111-7.
  18. Roul S, Ducombs G, Taïeb A. Usefulness of the European standard series for patch testing in children: a 3-year single-centre study of 337 patients. Contact Dermatitis 1999; 40: 232-5.
  19. Pesqué D, Planella-Fontanillas N, Borrego L, et al. Patch test results to the Spanish baseline patch test series according to age groups: a multicentric prospective study from 2019 to 2023. Contact Dermatitis 2025; 92: 120-30.
  20. Simonsen AB, Rustemeyer T, Ljubojevic Hadzavdic S, et al. Contact allergy in children in Europe: a proposal for a paediatric European baseline series. Contact Dermatitis 2026; 94: 28-39.
  21. Aerts O, Rustemeyer T, Belloni-Fortina A, et al. Variability in paediatric patch test practices across Europe: a survey from the European Baseline Series (EBS) Working Party on behalf of the European Society of Contact Dermatitis (ESCD). Contact Dermatitis 2025; 93: 285-97.
  22. Kakşi SA, Kahraman FC, Akdeniz N, Özen T. Results of the patch tests with European baseline series in children: five years of experience from a single center in Turkey and a review of the literature. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22: 1071-6.
  23. Şendal M, Çalışkan N, Ozceker D. Pediatric allergic contact dermatitis: sensitization patterns for a practical panel. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2026; 1-7. doi: 10.1159/000552351.
  24. Mazzetto R, Uter W, Dugonik A, et al. Contact sensitization in children and adolescents: trends from a multicentre European study (2011-2022). Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2025; 36: e70245.
  25. Kundak S. Patch test results of contact sensitization in children without atopic dermatitis: a single tertiary center experience. Dermatitis 2020; 31: 153-6.
  26. Mortz CG, Bindslev-Jensen C, Andersen KE. Nickel allergy from adolescence to adulthood in the TOACS cohort. Contact Dermatitis 2013; 68: 348-56.
  27. Koca R, Kocaturk E, Savk E, et al. Patch test results to European baseline series in Turkey: a prospective and multicenter study. Dermatitis 2021; 32: 397-405.
  28. Hsu JW, Jacob SE. Children’s toys as potential sources of nickel exposure. Dermatitis 2009; 20: 349-50.
  29. Jensen P, Hamann D, Hamann CR, et al. Nickel and cobalt release from children’s toys purchased in Denmark and the United States. Dermatitis 2014; 25: 356-65.
  30. Suzuki K, Matsunaga K, Ito A, et al. Multicenter 1-month follow-up study of the patch-test reaction to the gold sodium thiosulfate of the TRUE Test and its association with piercings and dental metal history. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85: 154-63.
  31. Chen JK, Lampel HP. Gold contact allergy: clues and controversies. Dermatitis 2015; 26: 69-77.
  32. Dumycz K, Kunkiel K, Feleszko W. Cosmetics for neonates and infants: haptens in products’ composition. Clin Transl Allergy 2019; 9: 15.
  33. Breithaupt A, Jacob SE. Thimerosal and the relevance of patch-test reactions in children. Dermatitis 2008; 19: 275-7.
  34. Spiewak R. Patch testing with Disperse Blue Mix and Textile Dye Mix in textile dermatitis: diagnostic effectiveness, co-positivity and clinical relevance. J Clin Med 2026; 15: 2936.
  35. Isaksson M. Proposed modification of the European Baseline Series: Textile Dye Mix without Disperse Orange 3 – a recommendation from the European Baseline Series Working Party on behalf of the European Society of Contact Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2026; 94: 720-1.
Copyright: © 2026 Termedia Sp. z o. o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
SUBMIT YOUR PAPER
Share
without publication fees
Indexed in
pubmed
Integrated with
integrated with publons
Editorial Policies
Sarajevo Declaration on Integrity and Visibility of Scholarly Publications