Risk analysis for cardiovascular complication based on the atherogenic index of plasma of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Medan, Indonesia

Background
The main cause of mortality and morbidity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is cardiovascular disease. According to the American Heart Association, at least 65% of the deaths of T2DM patients are due to heart disease and stroke.

Objectives
This study aims to analyse cardiovascular complication risk based on Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) and the influencing factors in T2DM patients.

Material and methods
This is an analytical research design with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study was T2DM patients from primary health care in Medan, Indonesia, with a total of 85 people. Subjects were recruited using consecutive sampling with inclusive and exclusive criteria. AIP values were determined using the AIP calculator with the calculated as log (TG/HDL-C). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis, with a 95% confidence interval and a significant value of p < 0.05.

Results
The majority of patients are known to be at high risk with AIP ≥ 0.21. There is a relationship between FBGL and HbA1c with AIP (p < 0.05). There is a significant relationship between TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and AIP index (p < 0.05), while there is no relationship between LDL-C and AIP (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
A continuous educational effort is critical for improving patients' understanding in preventing the occurrence of complications that increase morbidity and mortality.