Preeclampsia is a risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in the world. This article investigates the risk factors associated with the development of preeclampsia in Nigeria and Poland. In Nigeria, the frequency of preeclampsia is 2–16.7%, and there are over 37,000 preeclampsia-related deaths each year. Preeclampsia affects 2–5% of pregnant women in Poland, and in this European country, the mortality is rather low. The significance of metabolic syndrome, genetic factors, maternal age, available resources, self-medication, polyhydramnios, and infections that contribute to the development of preeclampsia through the most recent research was identified and investigated. Sociodemographic and sociocultural traits and access to healthcare also affect the likelihood of having preeclampsia. This review article provides valuable insights to academics and healthcare practitioners highlighting the preeclamptic risk factors in two countries in different regions of the world – one African and one European.