Speech therapy for preventing dementia in the elderly – triangulation research

Introduction
Physiological aging is a progressive and multidimensional process that should be viewed in biological, psychological, and social dimensions. It leads to irreversible tissue and organ changes that depend on environmental, genetic, and health factors.

Aim of the research
To assess the current status and scope of speech therapy prophylaxis for dementia; to collect data on public knowledge about preventing dementia in the elderly and the available support for those with the first symptoms of dementia.

Material and methods
The study included 100 respondents aged 20 to > 70 years. A survey technique involving an original questionnaire, as well as an individual case method were used to obtain reliable results. An interview questionnaire for the patient’s family was also employed. The triangulation approach combining quantitative and qualitative research methods allowed for the research goals to be achieved.

Results
The study group showed sufficient knowledge on dementia prophylaxis, as well as an ability to implement and conscientiously continue proper preventive measures. Dementia prevention based on healthy lifestyle was used by 60% of the study group. This included, among others, the Mediterranean diet and regular physical activity. About 73% of respondents were familiar with methods to avoid or delay the onset of dementia. The participants also reported knowledge about the available support for those who experience their first symptoms of dementia.

Conclusions
Corrective actions, such as increasing the number of specialists, improving communication between them, increasing their involvement in therapy and accelerating the diagnostic process, are needed for proper management of people with dementia in Poland.