About
Scope & Aims
Editorial office
Editorial board
Ethical standards and procedures
Abstracting and indexing
Contact
Articles & Issues
Current issue
Articles in press
Archive
For Authors
General rules
Ethics in publishing
Guide for authors
Templates
Publication charge
For Reviewers
Our reviewers
Ethics in publishing
Guide for reviewers
Books and Events
Books
Events
ORIGINAL PAPER
The effect of exercising under particulate matter 2.5 conditions on forced vital capacity and blood lead levels
1
Department of Sport Science, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
2
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
Submission date: 2019-12-14
Acceptance date: 2020-05-23
Publication date: 2021-08-29
Physiother Quart. 2021;29(3):24-27
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
The increase of air pollution in Indonesian big cities has resulted in serious health problems of their inhabitants. Doing physical exercises in such conditions may affect health quality. This study aims to investigate the effects of physical exercises at public sports facilities exposed to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on forced vital capacity (FVC) and blood lead levels among visitors of public sports centres in Bandung.
Methods:
A pretest-posttest randomized-group design was applied. Overall, 30 people who visited public sports facilities were selected to participate on the basis of the inclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into 2 equal groups, the control and the experimental group. The experimental group performed physical exercises for an hour 3 times a week for 6 weeks under high PM2.5 conditions. Meanwhile, the control group did not perform any physical exercise. The participants underwent anthropometric measurements at baseline, as well as spirometry (FVC) and blood lead tests before and after the intervention. PM2.5 levels were also evaluated.
Results:
There was a significant increase (p < 0.001) in FVC and blood lead levels in the experimental group after 6 weeks of exercising in the evening at public sports facilities which were highly exposed to PM2.5.
Conclusions:
Six weeks of routine and regular physical exercises at public sports facilities highly exposed to PM2.5 increased blood lead levels, with no negative effect to body function in accordance with standard lead level values by the local health department.
The increase of air pollution in Indonesian big cities has resulted in serious health problems of their inhabitants. Doing physical exercises in such conditions may affect health quality. This study aims to investigate the effects of physical exercises at public sports facilities exposed to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on forced vital capacity (FVC) and blood lead levels among visitors of public sports centres in Bandung.
Methods:
A pretest-posttest randomized-group design was applied. Overall, 30 people who visited public sports facilities were selected to participate on the basis of the inclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into 2 equal groups, the control and the experimental group. The experimental group performed physical exercises for an hour 3 times a week for 6 weeks under high PM2.5 conditions. Meanwhile, the control group did not perform any physical exercise. The participants underwent anthropometric measurements at baseline, as well as spirometry (FVC) and blood lead tests before and after the intervention. PM2.5 levels were also evaluated.
Results:
There was a significant increase (p < 0.001) in FVC and blood lead levels in the experimental group after 6 weeks of exercising in the evening at public sports facilities which were highly exposed to PM2.5.
Conclusions:
Six weeks of routine and regular physical exercises at public sports facilities highly exposed to PM2.5 increased blood lead levels, with no negative effect to body function in accordance with standard lead level values by the local health department.
REFERENCES (15)
1.
Lestari P, Savitri. Atmospheric particulate concentration measured in an urban area Bandung. Pure Appl Geophys. 2003;160:107–116; doi: 10.1007/s00024-003-8768-5.
2.
Qonitan FD, Lestari P, Tomo HS. Evaluation of continuous and filter-based methods for measuring PM2.5 mass concentration in Bandung urban area. In: The Third Joint Seminar of Japan and Indonesia Environmental Sustainability and Disaster Prevention. Jawa Barat: Institut Teknologi Bandung; 2015; 47–53.
3.
Lestari P. Factors affecting blood lead level for school children in Bandung. J Purifikasi. 2007;7(2):1–6.
4.
Rundell KW. Effect of air pollution on athlete health and performance. Br J Sports Med. 2012;46(6):407–412; doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090823.
5.
Cutrufello PT, Smoliga JM, Rundell KW. Small things make a big difference: particulate matter and exercise. Sports Med. 2012;42(12):1041–1058; doi: 10.1007/BF03262311.
6.
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe. Health effects of particulate matter. Policy implications for countries in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and central Asia. Copenhagen: WHO; 2013. Available from: https://www.euro.who.int/__dat....
7.
World Health Organization. Global health risks. Mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva: WHO; 2009. Available from: https://www.who.int/healthinfo....
8.
Vecchi R, Marcazzan G, Valli G. A study on nighttime-daytime PM10 concentration and elemental composition in relation to atmospheric dispersion in the urban area of Milan (Italy). Atmos Environ. 2007;41(10):2136–2144; doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.069.
9.
Fortoul TI, Rojas-Lemus M, Rodriguez-Lara V, Cano-Gutierrez G, Gonzalez-Villalva A, Ustarroz-Cano M, et al. Air pollution and its effects in the respiratory system. In: Khallaf M (ed.), The impact of air pollution on health, economy, environment and agricultural sources. Rijeka: InTech; 2011; 41–68.
10.
Lagorio S, Forastiere F, Pistelli R, Iavarone I, Michelozzi P, Fano V, et al. Air pollution and lung function among susceptible adult subjects: a panel study. Environ Health. 2006;5:11; doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-5-11.
11.
Qian Z, Liao D, Lin H-M, Whitsel E, Rose K, Duan Y. Associations of long-term exposure to ambient particulates and ozone with lung function in American adults – a population based study. Epidemiology. 2004;15(4):S46.
12.
Wilmore JH, Costill DL, Kenney WL. Physiology of sport and exercise. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2008.
14.
Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of medical physiology. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2006.
15.
Zhang R, Wilson VL, Hou A, Meng G. Source of lead pollution, its influence on public health and the countermeasures. Int J Health Animal Sci Food Safety. 2015;2(1):18–31; doi: 10.13130/2283-3927/4785.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2544-4395 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
