The prevalence of complementary and alternative methods and their impact on conventional cancer treatment among oncological patients in Poland – an institutional study

Introduction
Nowadays, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is gaining more adherents in Poland. Awareness of CAM methods among medical professionals is unsatisfactory. The gap that has been created in the Polish health care system opens the field for abuse. Poor knowledge about the popularity of CAM therapies among oncological patients in Poland led us to the evaluation of their prevalence and features. Aim of the research: To assess the prevalence of CAM procedures and their impact on conventional cancer treatment in Poland.

Material and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Lower Silesian Oncology Centre, Poland. The final research group came to 355 respondents (209 women, 146 men, response rate 58%). Inclusion criteria comprised the following: diagnosed cancer, staged from early to advanced, and ongoing conventional treatment. Exclusion criteria were as follows: incomplete diagnostic path for cancer, age below 18 years, and complete remission of the disease.

Results
CAM methods were used by 156 (43.9%) patients. The most popular were herbal drugs (50.6%), linseed (49.4%), and apricot seeds (32.7%). Approximately 40% of patients informed their doctor about CAM usage. More than 7% had resigned from standard treatment in the past. Almost 2% of respondents considered suspending therapy in the future. Factors associated with CAM use were as follows: female gender (51.2% vs. 33.56%; p < 0.05), secondary and higher education (47.1% secondary, 51.8% higher vs. 19.2% primary, 38.46% vocational; p < 0.05), education associated with health care (68.4% vs. 41.0%; p < 0.05).

Conclusions
CAM techniques are popular among oncological patients in Poland and are often used on their own. No single factor affecting CAM use was established. Besides oncological treatment, patients should be informed about the effectiveness and the side-effects of CAM and the dangers associated with standard treatment refusal.