We present the results of vaginal biocenosis evaluation in 1 728 Pap smears taken during the prophylactic examinations in the Opole district in 2000. We noted the following results: Lactobacillus – 973 (57%), mixed Coccal flora – 270 (16%), bacilli of E. Coli morphotype – 198 (11%), Bacterial vaginosis – 158 (9%). Candida albicans in 120 (7%) and one C. glabrata cases were recognised. The classic and discretee signs of HPV infection were present in 54 (3.1%) smears. We have not observed smears suggesting HSV2, T.V. infection, but 5 smears suspected for Chlamydia trachomatis infection were found. 43% smears included non psychological/physiological flora. We want to recommend the procedure of microscopic vaginal flora examination in every case in daily gynaecological practice. The mixed Coccal flora without inflammatory reaction is not pathological in postmenopausal women. We note that fixed and stained smears are useless in Trichomonas vaginalis infections. The presence of signs of HPV infection leads to the identification of the high-risk
group of women with CIN. In this groupe colposcopy is recommended.