Aim of the study was to evaluate cognitive impairment, retrospective and prospective memory, and visual inattention in chronotype personality tendencies.

Methods: A total of 676 students of Bu Ali Sina University were selected in 2017. Subsequently, 150 of them were selected for the second stage according to the scores in the morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ): as a morning person, an evening person, or intermediate. Finally, participants were studied in executive functions, memory function, and visual inattention.

Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the morningness-eveningness personality groups in executive functions, memory function, and visual inattention (p < 0.05). Participants with eveningness and intermediate personality had higher performance in retrospective memory, prospective memory, general memory, visual/spatial, naming, and attention. This difference was significant (p < 0.05). Also, participants with morningness and intermediate traits had higher performance in right and left visual attention (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: It can be concluded that morningness tendencies have worse cognitive performance in executive functions and eveningness tendencies have deficiencies in visual attention.