@Article{Castejón2009,
journal="Folia Neuropathologica",
issn="1641-4640",
volume="47",
number="1",
year="2009",
title="Blood-brain barrier ultrastructural alterations in human congenital hydrocephalus and Arnold-Chiari malformation",
abstract="Cortical biopsies of 13 patients with clinical diagnosis of congenital hydrocephalus, Arnold-Chiari malformation and hydrocephalus, and postmeningitis hydrocephalus were examined by transmission electron microscopy to study the damage of endothelial cells, basement membrane, astrocytic end-feet layer, and perivascular space. Capillaries from the parietal and frontal cortex showed increased vesicular and vacuolar transport, intact endothelial junctions, thin and immature basement membrane, swollen perivascular astrocytic end-feet layer, and enlarged perivascular space. In areas of severe oedema, open endothelial junctions, swollen basement membrane, absent perivascular astrocytic end-feet layer, enlarged perivascular space, and disrupted perivascular neuropil were observed. The electron microscopic findings demonstrated breakdown of the blood-brain barrier in all cases examined.",
author="Castejón, Orlando J.",
pages="11--19",
url="https://www.termedia.pl/Blood-brain-barrier-ultrastructural-alterations-in-human-congenital-hydrocephalus-and-Arnold-Chiari-malformation,20,12091,1,1.html"
}