@Article{Rudowska2012,
journal="Contemporary Oncology/Współczesna Onkologia",
issn="1428-2526",
volume="16",
number="6",
year="2012",
title="Management of breakthrough pain due to cancer[Polish version: Bóle przebijające u pacjentów z chorobą nowotworową p. 502]",
abstract="Breakthrough pain is defined as the transient exacerbation of pain occurring in a patient with otherwise stable, persistent pain. It is estimated to affect over 50% of patients, particularly those with moderate to severe background pain. Breakthrough pain is one of the most difficult pain syndromes to treat. There are several types of breakthrough cancer pain: incidental type involves flares of pain associated with movement or activity; idiopathic type is transitory pain unrelated to a specific activity; and in end-of-dose failure pain occurs when blood levels of medications fall below an analgesic threshold at the end of a dosing interval. Persistent and breakthrough pain are distinct components of cancer pain and require separate management. Successful management of breakthrough pain may require a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies. Supplemental analgesia, known as rescue medication, is a com­­mon pharmacological treatment option. Breakthrough pain is treated with supplemental short-acting opioid use, as needed, e.g. short-acting morphine, intranasal fentanyl and buccal tablets of fentanyl.",
author="Rudowska, Joanna",
pages="498--505",
doi="10.5114/wo.2012.32481",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/wo.2012.32481"
}