@Article{Mehrholz2016,
journal="Dermatology Review/Przegląd Dermatologiczny",
issn="0033-2526",
volume="103",
number="4",
year="2016",
title="Infectious agents in the pathogenesis of rosacea",
abstract="Acne rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects the face. The symptoms depend on the stage of the disease. The first stage is characterized by erythema and telangiectasia. This is followed by a papulopustular phase and a phymatous type in the final stages. An ocular type of rosacea is described in the literature as well. In the etiopathogenesis of papulo-pustular and ocular types of rosacea, inflammatory response modulation caused by microorganisms living on the skin play a key role. Binding of bacterial ligands with epidermal receptors leads to induction of the inflammatory cascade. This leads to vasodilation and white blood cell chemotaxis, which causes a change in the microenvironment of the skin that assists in microorganism proliferation. Microorganisms such as Demodex folliculorum, Bacillus oleronius, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rosacea.",
author="Mehrholz, Dorota M.
and Nowicki, Roman
and Barańska-Rybak, Wioletta M.",
pages="323--329",
doi="10.5114/dr.2016.61783",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/dr.2016.61783"
}