@Article{Łapot2016,
journal="Medycyna Paliatywna/Palliative Medicine",
issn="2081-0016",
volume="8",
number="3",
year="2016",
title="Topical use of morphine in palliative care patients – a report of two cases",
abstract="Pain treatment with the use of generally administered opioids, non-opioids and co-analgesics according to World Health Organization (WHO) principles (1986) is effective in 85-90% patients with pain due to cancer. Individuals with difficult pain control need a multimodal treatment which combines WHO principles and other methods developed, depending on the type of pain and including topical drug application. Two patients in whom topical morphine used on a painful wound on the neck and a cancer ulceration of the tongue provided considerable improvement of analgesic effect, were presented in the paper. In both cases the patients did not achieve satisfactory analgesia with medications used orally or subcutaneously, and dose increments caused exacerbation of adverse effects of drugs used.",
author="Łapot, Karol
and Sopata, Maciej J.
and Kotlińska-Lemieszek, Aleksandra",
pages="144--148",
url="https://www.termedia.pl/Topical-use-of-morphine-in-palliative-care-patients-a-report-of-two-cases,59,29047,1,1.html"
}