@Article{Kądziela-Olech2017,
journal="Advances in Psychiatry and Neurology/Postępy Psychiatrii i Neurologii",
issn="1230-2813",
volume="26",
number="2",
year="2017",
title="After-effects of hyperkinetic disorder (HKD) in prospective longitudinal (12 years) study",
abstract=" Purpose : Despite the  significant increase in the  understanding of  the  hyperkinetic disorder (HKD), our knowledge of  the  factors associated with the  persistence of  the  disorder and further development of  psychopathology is insufficient. The  long-term prospective studies have aimed at identifying factors that may determine the  adverse course of  HKD.   Methods : The  study group 54 patients (95.1% male) with HKD (mean age 8.1, SD ± 1.7 years at the  baseline assessment) was covered by a  12-year observation (mean age of  participants: 19.1 ± 1.7 years at the  end of  the  study). Subjects were comprehensively assessed with structured diagnostic interviews and assessments of  cognitive functions, including the  school and family functioning, the  treatment as well as internalizing and externalizing problems.    Results : Statistical analysis of  the  severity of  HKD indicated significant reduction in the  symptoms after 12 years. The  birth complications (OR = 11.187; p = 0.045), chronic conflicts in family (OR = 0.129; p = 0.018) and depression of  mother (OR = 6.033; p = 0.045) have proved to be significant risk factors for externalizing disorders in the  study group. The  single-parent family (OR = 0.099; p = 0.009) and coexistence of  mothers’ anxiety disorders (OR = 0.318; p = 0.043) were a  significant predictors for the  model of  internalizing disorders. Only 28 (51.9%) of  children used regular systematic therapy. Lack of  the  systematic treatment was a  significant risk factor of  transition of  HKD to antisocial phenotypes (univariate regression model: R = 0.56; SE = 0.12; p < 0.001).   Conclusions : Long-term clinical observation showed that the  appropriate systematic treatment until adulthood may significantly reduce undesirable behaviours. Completion of  the  treatment programme should be monitored systematically for many years, which greatly influences the  results of  school education and increases the  chances for correct psychosocial development. Parents’ mental disorders/conflicts considerably decrease in the  treatment effects, thereby increasing the  risk of  social maladjustment in patients with HKD.",
author="Kądziela-Olech, Halina",
pages="57--62",
doi="10.5114/ppn.2017.69373",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2017.69373"
}