@Article{Twardokęs2016,
journal="Journal of Stomatology",
issn="0011-4553",
volume="69",
number="5",
year="2016",
title="Morphometric relationships between the upper
respiratory tract and the craniofacial bone structures",
abstract="Introduction. Morphological correlations of bone structures of the facial skeleton and the cervical spine with the upper respiratory tract (URT) have been the topic of scientific studies carried out for some years now. Correlations between URT morphology and the age of the evaluated patients have been proven by numerous studies. The literature shows that URT is characterized by the occurrence of sexual dimorphism in the evaluated individuals, along different age groups. URT dimensions are also differentiated depending on which of the three skeletal classes a patient belongs to. Aim of the study. To design multidimensional models, taking into account the evaluated individuals’ age, sex and skeletal class to describe morphological relations between the oropharynx and laryngopharynx and the upper face and the carotid vertebrae. Material and Methods. The study comprised 229 persons and was a retrospective one. The inclusion criteria were availability of lateral cephalometric radiographs (LCR) and information of chronological age and gender of a patient. Excluded from the study were individuals with the history of orthodontic treatment, surgical procedures within head and neck and patients with chilognathopalatoschisis. Results. The statistical analysis performed pointed to significant relations between the given dependent and independent variables. Conclusions. In patients who underwent orthognathic maxillary surgery, designing management to preserve the position of maxilla and the incisors should be considered. Also in males with the skeletal Class III the treatment plan could introduce the preservation procedures. Management of skeletal Class II and III should take into consideration the nonextraction management of the maxillary dentition. In males showing high maxillary teeth crowding index, treatment should not alter the upper facial height, comprising also a relevant stable preservation therapy.  ",
author="Twardokęs, Marta
and Paluch, Zbigniew
and Stelmańska, Karolina
and Gamrot-Wrzoł, Marta
and Gamrot-Wrzoł, Marta
and Zieliński, Maciej
and Misiołek, Maciej",
pages="482--491",
doi="10.5604/00114553.1230103",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/00114553.1230103"
}