@Article{Toliczenko-Bernatowicz2020,
journal="Pediatria Polska - Polish Journal of Paediatrics",
issn="0031-3939",
volume="95",
number="1",
year="2020",
title="Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis of cryptorchidism. Evaluation and treatment of undescended testicle",
abstract="Cryptorchidism – the absence of one or both testes in the normal scrotal position – is the most common birth defect of the male genitalia. In full-term newborn boys its incidence is estimated at 2–5%. During the first three months of life, in half of these boys the testicles will descend spontaneously into the scrotum, but at the end of the first year of life 1% of boys will have cryptorchidism. Among boys born prematurely, about 30% of them have undescended testicles at birth, but also in such cases approximately 80% of undescended testes descend by the third month of life. The authors discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, aetiology, and treatment of undescended testicle in boys.",
author="Toliczenko-Bernatowicz, Dorota
and Matuszczak, Ewa
and Komarowska, Marta
and Hermanowicz, Adam
and Dębek, Wojciech",
pages="37--43",
doi="10.5114/polp.2020.94927",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/polp.2020.94927"
}