@Article{Brachet2025,
journal="Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne",
issn="1899-1874",
volume="41",
number="3",
year="2025",
title="Application of ophthalmoscopy in forensic medicine",
abstract="Postmortem examination of ocular fundus structures has historically relied on direct ophthalmoscopy and evisceration of the eye. The biggest limitation of direct ophthalmoscopy is coronal clouding. However, with the use of endoscopy, we can bypass this obstacle. This narrative review article with observations from our Department of Forensic Medicine explains the use of postmortem ophthalmoscopy in the following cases: asphyxia, post-mortem interval evaluation, carbon monoxide poisoning, postmortem position evaluation, shaken baby syndrome, subarachnoid hemorrhage, Terson syndrome, pediatric infections, retinal hemorrhages in cerebral malaria, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and retinal air embolism. In addition, we presented the proprietary methodology we use to examine the fundus using postmortem ophthalmoscopy. This review of literature is based on a selective literature search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases from 2009 to 2023 using the search terms “ophthalmoscopy”, “forensic medicine” and “retina”.",
author="Brachet, Adam
and Bełżek, Aleksandra
and Hunek, Gabriela
and Kogut, Anna
and Pano, Ines
and Teresiński, Grzegorz
and Benevento, Marcello
and Solarino, Biagio
and Baj, Jacek",
pages="145--154",
doi="10.5114/ms.2024.146379",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ms.2024.146379"
}