@Article{Lewandowski2025,
journal="Lekarz POZ",
issn="2450-3517",
volume="11",
number="1",
year="2025",
title="Diagnosis and treatment of abdominal pain – 
Polish experts’ position",
abstract="Abdominal pain is one of the most common symptoms reported in medical offices, with its prevalence in the population reaching up to 81%. Due to its complex etiology, it can have both organic and functional origins, which represents a clinical challenge. The diagnosis of abdominal pain should include a thorough medical history, physical examination, and laboratory and imaging tests to differentiate potential causes. Special attention should be given to abdominal pain of mild to moderate intensity, which is the most frequent. Pharmacotherapy for such abdominal pain is a key element of treatment and should primarily rely on the use of antispasmodic medications, and in cases of ineffectiveness, pain relievers or a combination of both. Their high safety profile enables their use in self-treatment by patients, but certainly requires improvement in patient education regarding the presence of alarm symptoms and the necessity of medical consult. Additionally, an effective option, particularly in cases of chronic abdominal pain, may be antidepressants from the class of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants. The aim of this article is to develop definitions, a diagnostic and therapeutic management algorithm for physicians, and a selftreatment algorithm for patients.",
author="Lewandowski, Konrad
and Mastalerz-Migas, Agnieszka
and Małecka-Wojciesko, Ewa
and Woroń, Jarosław
and Skrzydło-Radomańska, Barbara
and Rydzewska, Grażyna",
url="https://www.termedia.pl/Diagnosis-and-treatment-of-abdominal-pain-r-nPolish-experts-position,98,55695,1,1.html"
}