@Article{Gondek2025,
journal="Psychiatria Spersonalizowana / Personalized Psychiatry",
issn="2720-7048",
volume="4",
number="1",
year="2025",
title="Assessment and management of adults with ADHD. Guidelines of the Specialty Training Section of the Polish Psychiatric Association and a coalition of organizations for people with ADHD – update, 2025",
abstract="Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental state, occurring in approximately 4% of adults. Screening is recommended in at-risk groups. Diagnosis relies on an in-depth clinical interview (≥ 90 min), assessing symptoms over the past 6 months (and earlier), onset before age 12, presence across at least two life domains, and clinically significant impairment. Neuropsychological tests, neuroimaging, or electroencephalography (EEG) are not routine but may assist when comorbidities are suspected. Information from relatives is valuable, yet lack of a parent report does not preclude diagnosis. Medication response is not a diagnostic criterion. Clinicians should consider compensatory strategies and sex-specific presentations, particularly in women. Therapeutic management is multi-directional. Psychoeducation is essential. Psychosocial interventions (CBT/DBT, coaching) improve functioning and can be used alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy, which is also the first-line treatment for adults with moderate to severe impairment. Preferred agents are long-acting stimulants (extended-release methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine) while atomoxetine is an alternative in cases of contraindications or risk of prescription drug abuse. During treatment, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), body weight, and sleep should be monitored. A cardiovascular history should be taken before treatment, and an electrocardiography (ECG) is recommended before starting treatment in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. The most common side effects are increased BP and HR, insomnia, decreased appetite, and weight loss. Comorbidity is common, and generally the most severe disorder should be treated first. Treatment of ADHD reduces the risk of suicidal behavior, substance abuse, and traffic accidents.",
author="Gondek, Tomasz
and Stramecki, Filip
and Cieśla, Marta
and Ziegart-Sadowska, Karolina
and Foryciarz, Kajetana
and Główczyński, Patryk
and Krupa, Anna Julia
and Krysta, Krzysztof
and Malec, Anna Karolina
and Rewekant, Anna
and Szczegielniak, Anna
and Szczubiał-Kamińska, Anna
and Taracha-Mocarska, Anna
and Tokarek, Agata
and Wojtkiewicz, Anita
and Todzia-Kornaś, Agata",
pages="80--115",
doi="10.5114/psychs.2025.154273",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/psychs.2025.154273"
}