@Article{Olender2026,
journal="Pielęgniarstwo Chirurgiczne i Angiologiczne/Surgical and Vascular Nursing",
issn="1897-3116",
volume="20",
number="1",
year="2026",
title="The anatomy of the supratrochlear nerve: a review of the literature with clinical implications for surgery",
abstract="This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the supratrochlear nerve (STN) anatomy, with particular emphasis on its anatomical variability and clinical implications in surgery, analgesia, and aesthetic medicine. A literature review was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Only peer-reviewed original studies addressing STN anatomy were included. Data were extracted according to a standardized protocol by two independent authors. The supratrochlear nerve demonstrates significant variability in its course, point of emergence from the orbit, relationship to the corrugator supercilii muscle, and the number and type of its branches. Several anatomical classifications were identified, including sex- related differences and clinically relevant variants. Anatomical variability of the STN plays a crucial role in planning surgical and aesthetic procedures. Awareness of the “danger zone” and the use of reliable anatomical landmarks may help minimise the risk of complications. Further research using advanced imaging techniques and larger population samples is recommended.",
author="Olender, Melania
and Kita, Aleksandra
and Hanypsiak, Maciej
and Tulski, Michał
and Mazurek, Mateusz
and Pioterek, Oliwier
and Parol, Barbara
and Pinkowska, Agnieszka
and Domagała, Zygmunt",
pages="4--10",
doi="10.5114/.2026.161241",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/.2026.161241"
}