@Article{Jurczenko2026,
journal="Nursing Problems / Problemy Pielęgniarstwa",
issn="1233-9989",
volume="34",
number="1",
year="2026",
title="Alzheimer’s disease and oral health: what we know
so far",
abstract=" Alzheimer’s  disease (AD) has been increasingly associated with poor oral health,  including periodontal disease, tooth loss, and oral dysbiosis. This  review summarizes current evidence linking oral health and AD, with  an emphasis on oral pathogens, systemic inflammation, and cognitive  decline. A literature review conducted up to June\ 30, 2025,  identified 20 eligible studies. Individuals with AD consistently  showed oral dysbiosis, characterized by increased levels of  Porphyromonas gingivalis,  Fusobacterium nucleatum,  and Tannerella forsythia,  and decreased levels of commensals such as Streptococcus  and Rothia. Periodontitis and tooth loss were independently  associated with greater AD risk. A large cohort study of over 32.6  million individuals reported more than a\ twofold increased AD  risk among those with poor oral health. These findings support the  potential role of oral hygiene as a\ modifiable and  cost-effective preventive strategy against AD. ",
author="Jurczenko, Lidia
and Semianiuk, Alina
and Miejska-Kamińska, Marta",
pages="1--7",
doi="10.5114/ppiel.2026.161774",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ppiel.2026.161774"
}