@Article{Figarska2026,
journal="Problemy Pielęgniarstwa / Nursing Problems",
issn="1233-9989",
year="2026",
title="Blood donation in Poland and selected countries worldwide: similarities, differences, and challenges facing modern blood transfusion systems",
abstract="   Blood donation is a    cornerstone of modern healthcare, as despite scientific advances, no effective substitute for human blood has yet been developed. The aim of this study was to compare blood donation systems operating in Poland, Germany, France, the UK, China, and the US. The analysis focused on the organisation and financing of these systems, types of donations, permissible donation frequencies, donor benefits, and approaches to donor compensation. The findings indicate that European countries primarily rely on voluntary non-remunerated blood donation, whereas financial compensation for plasma donation is widely practiced in the US. China has developed a system based on centralised supervision and extensive digitalisation. Despite organisational differences, all analysed countries strive to ensure the safety of both donors and recipients while maintaining an adequate and stable blood supply. However, the growing demand for plasma has intensified discussions regarding the future of European blood donation models and their long-term sustainability.      ",
author="Figarska, Katarzyna
and Malinowska-Lipień, Iwona",
doi="10.5114/ppiel.2026.163629",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ppiel.2026.163629"
}