TY - JOUR JO - Folia Neuropathologica SN - 1641-4640 VL - 47 IS - 1 PY - 2009 ID - Castejón2009 TI - Blood-brain barrier ultrastructural alterations in human congenital hydrocephalus and Arnold-Chiari malformation AB - Cortical biopsies of 13 patients with clinical diagnosis of congenital hydrocephalus, Arnold-Chiari malformation and hydrocephalus, and postmeningitis hydrocephalus were examined by transmission electron microscopy to study the damage of endothelial cells, basement membrane, astrocytic end-feet layer, and perivascular space. Capillaries from the parietal and frontal cortex showed increased vesicular and vacuolar transport, intact endothelial junctions, thin and immature basement membrane, swollen perivascular astrocytic end-feet layer, and enlarged perivascular space. In areas of severe oedema, open endothelial junctions, swollen basement membrane, absent perivascular astrocytic end-feet layer, enlarged perivascular space, and disrupted perivascular neuropil were observed. The electron microscopic findings demonstrated breakdown of the blood-brain barrier in all cases examined. AU - Castejón, Orlando J. SP - 11 EP - 19 DA - 2009 UR - https://www.termedia.pl/Blood-brain-barrier-ultrastructural-alterations-in-human-congenital-hydrocephalus-and-Arnold-Chiari-malformation,20,12091,1,1.html ER -