TY - JOUR JO - Menopause Review/Przegląd Menopauzalny SN - 1643-8876 VL - 20 IS - 3 PY - 2021 ID - Garzon2021 TI - Non-oestrogenic modalities to reverse urogenital aging AB - Urogenital aging is a common process affecting all women in the post-menopausal period of their life, and it is substantially due to oestrogen deprivation after ovarian function cessation. These changes can lead to a progressive, chronic, and complex association of symptoms identified as the genitourinary syndrome of menopause, which has a significant impact on quality of life. Genitourinary syndrome and urogenital aging do not resolve spontaneously and usually recur when treatment is stopped. Therefore, appropriate long-term management is of paramount importance, and local oestrogen is the most effective treatment to reverse urogenital aging and to improve symptoms of genitourinary syndrome as replacement therapy. In some women, topical oestrogen may be inconvenient, it may not achieve complete response, or it may be contra-indicated. Several non-hormonal therapies have been investigated, but few treatments have been reported as potentially able to reverse the urogenital aging process similarly to exogenous oestrogens. Laser seems the most promising, although further studies to define its safety and efficacy are mandatory. Vitamin D and E, and phytotherapy have returned conflicting results and require further confirmation. Lifestyle modifications, physiotherapy, and electrical stimulation represent inexpensive and applicable treatments that might slow urogenital aging. Among the hormonal non-oestrogenic therapies, the use of vaginal oxytocin and dehydroepiandrosterone have been found to be effective compared to placebo , as well as the use of oral ospemifene, which partially relieves vulvovaginal atrophy. AU - Garzon, Simone AU - Apostolopoulos, Vasso AU - Stojanovska, Lily AU - Ferrari, Federico AU - Aydogan Mathyk, Begum AU - Simone Laganà, Antonio SP - 140 EP - 147 DA - 2021 DO - 10.5114/pm.2021.109772 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pm.2021.109772 ER -