Postpartum depression (PPD) is an essential mental health concern that may affect not only women but also men during the postpartum period of their partners. In the article, particular focus is given to paternal PPD, emphasizing its distinct characteristics in comparison with mothers’ PPD. The article discusses differences in the timing of symptom onset, noting that depressive symptoms in men often emerge later, as well as diverse etiological factors, including biological, psychological, and social determinants. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PPD in fathers are also examined, focusing on the role of chronic stress, hormonal changes, and the challenges associated with adapting to the paternal role. A key aspect of the discussion is the significance of relationships within the family system, especially the mutual interdependencies between partners, and the impact of paternal mood disorders on overall family functioning. The article highlights the possible consequences of paternal PPD for a child’s emotional, cognitive, and social development. Current evidence regarding the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in the treatment of PPD is also presented, emphasizing the limited number of studies on paternal perinatal depression. The issue of low detection rates of PPD among fathers is addressed, and the need to improve diagnostic tools and to enhance clinicians’ awareness of paternal PPD. This could contribute to higher-quality, more comprehensive care for families during the perinatal period. In the article, a clinical case of paternal PPD is also presented.