Acute-on-chronic liver failure: a single-centre experience

Introduction
e set out to determine the applicability of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) diagnostic criteria and characteristics of thus defined ACLF sub-cohorts in a real-life clinical context.

Material and methods
Retrospective charts’ analysis of consecutive patients hospitalized with decompensated liver disease. Inclusion criteria: acute decompensation, informed consent. Exclusion criteria: malignancy. Diagnostic tools: 1st phase – CLIF-SOFA score calculated manually; 2nd phase – CLIF-C ACLF score calculated at www.efclif.com.

Results
Of 432 hospitalized patients aged 52 years, 41% were female, with MELD 20, 32% patients had acute decompensation (AD); main triggers were alcoholic hepatitis (38%), infections (26%), and variceal bleeding (23%). Of patients with AD, ACLF grades 0-3 was present in 64%, 19%, 13%, and 4%, respectively. In hospital mortality according to final AD/ACLF grade in ACLF 0-3 was 7.5%, 42%, 47%, and 80%, respectively (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Diagnosing ACLF is nowadays easy; it helps to stratify patients at admission, and refine risk stratification at day 7. The main trigger of AD/ACLF in this region is alcohol. Currently, there are no ACLF-specific treatments; however, timely intensive supportive care can influence the prognosis. Even though still elusive and controversial, the ACLF concept can help systematize management of patients admitted with acute decompensation of advanced chronic liver disease.