Analysis of coexistence of multiple renal arteries and veins in 2392
human kidneys based on computed tomography imaging

Grzegorz Wróbel; Michał Spałek; Tadeusz Kuder; Ilona Klejbor; Jakub Gruszka; Olga Adamczyk-Gruszka

doi:10.5114/ms.2026.159854

eISSN: 2300-6722
ISSN: 1899-1874

Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne

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abstract:

Analysis of coexistence of multiple renal arteries and veins in 2392 human kidneys based on computed tomography imaging

Grzegorz Wróbel

¹

,

Michał Spałek

^{2, 3}

,

Tadeusz Kuder

²

,

Ilona Klejbor

²

,

Jakub Gruszka

⁴

,

Olga Adamczyk-Gruszka

⁵

Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathomorphology with the Laboratory of Histology and Forensic Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
Department of Anatomy, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Swietokrzyskie Oncology Centre, Kielce, Poland
2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ms.2026.159854

Online publish date: 2026/03/16

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Introduction
Analysis of the coexistence of multiple renal arteries and veins is a rare subject in the literature. There are few studies in which the arterial and venous systems of the human kidney are evaluated simultaneously. Aim of the research: The aim of the study was to analyse and correlate variations in the arterial and venous vascularisation of the kidneys in patients diagnosed using computed tomography.

Material and methods
The study group (1196 patients) included women (592) and men (604), aged from 19 to 92 years, who had imaging scans performed using contrast-enhanced computed tomography. The statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 12.0 software. The relationships were verified with the c2 test. The level of statistical significance was p = 0.05. The mean age of the patients was 58.78 ±15.31 years; the mean age for men was 57.18 ±14.74 years, and for women 60.41 ±15.72 years (p < 0.001).

Results
As for arterial vascularisation, it was demonstrated that the presence of multiple renal arteries was more common in left kidneys (11.71%) compared with right kidneys (9.95%), whereas multiple renal veins more often occurred in right kidneys (9.03%) than in left kidneys (4.43%). It was generally concluded that there is a correlation between the number of coexisting arteries and veins in the kidneys, which was confirmed statistically (c2 = 55.47; p < 0.001). In the context of anatomic variation regarding the extrarenal arteriovenous system of the kidneys, there is a statistical relationship between the number of coexisting arteries and veins in the kidneys (r = 0.9472; p < 0.001), which has been confirmed by the results of this study.

keywords:

Analysis of coexistence of multiple renal arteries and veins in 2392 human kidneys based on computed tomography imaging

Grzegorz Wróbel 1 , Michał Spałek 2, 3 , Tadeusz Kuder 2 , Ilona Klejbor 2 , Jakub Gruszka 4 , Olga Adamczyk-Gruszka 5

multiple renal arteries, multiple renal veins, diagnostic imaging

Grzegorz Wróbel

¹

,

Michał Spałek

^{2, 3}

,

Tadeusz Kuder

²

,

Ilona Klejbor

²

,

Jakub Gruszka

⁴

,

Olga Adamczyk-Gruszka

⁵