Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in children. As many as 5% of infants and young children presenting with fever will be diagnosed with UTI. Children with UTI are at risk of renal scarring, which may lead to impaired renal function and hypertension. The role of family doctors and specialists in paediatrics in early diagnosis and treatment of UTI is of particular importance. The most important principles of the diagnostics, management and prophylaxis of UTI in children are discussed.