Diabetic nephropathy is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular complications, being part and indicator of generalized microangiopathy. Progress in the knowledge of pathogenesis of vascular complications in diabetes opens new therapeutic and prophylactic options in this clinical condition. Hope for an improved result of the confrontation with diabetes is raised by enrichment of capabilities of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade with eplerenone – selective aldosterone receptor inhibitor, and studies on prevention of vasculopathy on cellular level – through inhibition of protein kinase C b-isoform (ruboxistaurin), breaking cross-links in advanced glycoxidation end-products (alagebrium), and inhibition of histone deacetylase (trichostatin A).