Bullous scabies, the light shed on etiopathogenesis and treatment: report of five paediatric cases

Introduction:
Bullous scabies (BS) is an infrequent and atypical presentation of scabies, with a predilection for elderly males. The mechanism of BS is not fully understood; superinfection, friction due to pruritus, autoeczemation, direct injury from mite’s lytic enzymes, cross-reactivity of scabies protein with basal membrane zone antigens are considered to be possible reasons.

Aim:
To define clinical features of paediatric BS cases, which is an extremely rare subtype of scabies

Material and methods:
This is a retrospective study of paediatric BS cases seen at two tertiary care centres. Previously described bacterial culture, antibiogram and follow-up records were investigated retrospectively. Confirmed scabies cases, according to the “International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS)” with bullae were included. All cases were treated with 10% sulfur ointment for 3 consecutive days, two cycles. Households of cases were also treated simultaneously. Systemic antibiotics were added to patients with elevated acute phase reactants according to the antibiogram results. Informed consent was obtained from patients’ parents.

Results:
Five BS cases were included. Three cases were male, two cases were female. Four cases had staphylococcus aureus, one had group-A beta haemolytic streptococcus positive bullae culture. All cases achieved a rapid complete resolution of symptoms after topical 10% sulfur ointment.

Conclusions:
Paediatric BS is an extremely rare entity of scabies. Bacterial superinfection plays a key role in bullae formation. 10% sulfur ointment is a highly effective treatment option for paediatric BS.