Modern cancer treatments have resulted in remarkable improvements in the survival rates of young cancer patients. Consequently, conserving the fertility of cancer survivors has become a main focus of researchers involved in the fields of oncology treatment and infertility. We will review the contemporary data on the two most common malignancies affecting the reproductive age group, as well as the consequences of treatment protocols on fertility and strategies to mitigate these hazards. The efficacy of cryopreservation in conjunction with assisted reproductive technologies will be analyzed. Finally, current research on the welfare of offspring of cancer survivors will be reviewed.